Endocrine Abstracts

Chronic inflammation in adipose tissue contributes to obesity-related insulin resistance. The 3-Phosphoinositide-dependent Protein Kinase 1 (Pdk1)/forkhead transcription factor (Foxo1) pathway is important in regulating glucose and energy homeostasis, but little is known about this pathway in adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs). To investigate this, we generated transgenic mice that carried macrophage/granulocyte-specific mutations, including a Pdk1 knockout (LysMPdk1-/-), a Pdk...

The growing epidemic of obesity has led health professionals to understand the pathophysiology of obesity and its complications. Gut microbiota are of special interest, since some kinds of microbiota such as Bacteroides are less in obese persons and some microbiota induce obesity in animals by effective fat storage through microbiota-mediated intestinal Fiaf (Fasting-induced adipose factor) suppressions. Recently, bile acid-binding resins (BARs), non-absorbable drug for dyslip...

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease impairs physical performance from an early stage of disease, and the impairment is a critical medical problem because lowered physical activity correlates with renal prognosis and mortality, and constitutes an independent cardiovascular risk for chronic kidney disease patients, with as high an impact as hypertension and diabetes. In this study, the time course and mechanism of muscle insufficiency in renal failure were investigated using 5/...

Aims: We investigated the association between urinary pentosidine concentration (UPC) and vascular complications.Methods: UPC was measured in 66 patients (31 men and 35 women) with type 2 diabetes. We compared UPC between patients with and without diabetic microangiopathy, and between patients with and without macroangiopathy (cerebral infarction (CI), coronary artery disease, and peripheral arterial disease). Stepwise regression analysis was performed t...

Objectives: Angiotensin II (AngII) induces renal premature senescence by multiple mechanisms including by increasing oxidative stress. Recent study revealed that growth hormone secretagogue ghrelin exerts anti-senescence effects. In this study, we examined whether ghrelin inhibits AngII-induced renal senescence and damages.Methods: Renal senescence was induced by infusion of Ang II in C57BL/6 mice with osmotic mini-pump. Ghrelin was administered by the d...

Aim: We investigated the influence of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with aging on physical performance in mice, and the effect of hormone replacement on physical performance.Method: Using 8, 20, 50 and 100 week-old C57bl6 mice, we evaluated skeletal muscle mass, mitochondrial activity, glucose tolerance and physical performance (muscle power and exercise endurance). In addition, we treated 50-week-old mice with ghrelin or insulin like growth facto...

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in human has been believed to decrease muscle weight and physical performance. High protein diet would increase muscle mass and strength especially in athletes, but is not recommended for CKD patients because of the risk for exacerbation of uremia. Therefore, we investigated the muscle character especially focused on the mitochondrial activity and physical performance in 5/6 nephrectomy CKD model mice, which fed on different protein con...

Aristaless-related homeobox gene (ARX) mutation leads to several neurological disorders including X-linked lissencephaly with abnormal genitalia (XLAG), West syndrome and Partington syndrome, with XLAG being the most severe form. Although some of the brain pathology of XLAG has already been described, the crucial extra-brain symptoms are severe growth retardation, transient hyperglycemia and intractable diarrhea. Since ARX expresses in the islets of Langerhans du...

A continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) provides a good tool to investigate the influence of glucose fluctuation on oxidative stress regarding as the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis in type 2 diabetes (T2DM). The CGM can detect min-to-min glucose fluctuation under the daily activity and eating habit. We measured various indexes for oxidative stress and compared with the glycemic factors detected by the CGM.Methods: T2DM (n=25) and healthy controls ...

Introduction: For minimally invasive surgery of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), the identification of the accurate localization is required. As preoperative diagnostic imagings, we perform ultrasound, technetium 99m-sestamibi scintigraphy and either or both of megnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography in all cases. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the clinical biochemical factors that fascilitate preoperative diagnostic imagings for localization.<p c...